active voice | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek vek | 1pl | vér vekjum | 1sg | ek vekja | 1pl | vér vekim |
2sg | þú vekr | 2pl | þér vekið | 2sg | þú vekir | 2pl | þér vekið |
3sg | hon vekr | 3pl | þau vekja | 3sg | hon veki | 3pl | þau veki |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek vakða | 1pl | vér vǫkðum | 1sg | ek vekða | 1pl | vér vekðim |
2sg | þú vakðir | 2pl | þér vǫkðuð | 2sg | þú vekðir | 2pl | þér vekðið |
3sg | hon vakði | 3pl | þau vǫkðu | 3sg | hon vekði | 3pl | þau vekði |
preterite infinitive | vǫkðu | ||||||
past participle | f. | vǫk(i)ð | m. | vak(i)ðr | n. | vak(i)t | |
imperative | 2sg | vek | 1pl | vekjum | 2pl | vekið |
middle voice: vekjask “wake up, rouse oneself” | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek vekjumk | 1pl | vér vekjumk | 1sg | ek vekjumk | 1pl | vér vekimk |
2sg | þú veksk | 2pl | þér vekizk | 2sg | þú vekisk | 2pl | þér vekizk |
3sg | hon veksk | 3pl | þau vekjask | 3sg | hon vekisk | 3pl | þau vekisk |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek vǫkðumk | 1pl | vér vǫkðumk | 1sg | ek vekðumk | 1pl | vér vekðimk |
2sg | þú vakðisk | 2pl | þér vǫkðuzk | 2sg | þú vekðisk | 2pl | þér vekðizk |
3sg | hon vakðisk | 3pl | þau vǫkðusk | 3sg | hon vekðisk | 3pl | þau vekðisk |
past participle | n. | vak(i)zk | |||||
imperative | 2sg | veksk | 1pl | vekjumk | 2pl | vekizk |
PG *wakjaną, OE weccan, ME wecchen, MnE wake, Dutch wekken, German wecken. Causative of a lost verb PG *wakaną, ON *vaka VI attested as the participle vakinn, OE wacan VI “wake, originate,” ME wāken “wake; wake up; arise;” cf. vaka 3, vakna 2. In English, the three senses of the root (causative, intransitive, and inchoative “wake up”) had coalesced by the ME period. The preterite system coincides with that of vaka 3. Inflected variants include preterite vekti and the strong participle vakinn. Vekja carries the transitive sense of wake, i.e. “wake somebody”; cf. stative vaka 3 “be awake” and inchoative vakna 2 “pass from sleep into waking.”
Corpus search: present active / preterite active / present reflexive / preterite reflexive
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