active voice | |||||||
present indicative | present subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek vakna | 1pl | vér vǫknum | 1sg | ek vakna | 1pl | vér vaknim |
2sg | þú vaknar | 2pl | þér vaknið | 2sg | þú vaknir | 2pl | þér vaknið |
3sg | hon vaknar | 3pl | þau vakna | 3sg | hon vakni | 3pl | þau vakni |
preterite indicative | preterite subjunctive | ||||||
1sg | ek vaknaða | 1pl | vér vǫknuðum | 1sg | ek vaknaða | 1pl | vér vaknaðim |
2sg | þú vaknaðir | 2pl | þér vǫknuðuð | 2sg | þú vaknaðir | 2pl | þér vaknaðið |
3sg | hon vaknaði | 3pl | þau vǫknuðu | 3sg | hon vaknaði | 3pl | þau vaknaði |
preterite infinitive | vǫknuðu | ||||||
past participle | f. | vǫknuð | m. | vaknaðr | n. | vaknat | |
imperative | 2sg | vakna | 1pl | vǫknum | 2pl | vaknið |
PG *waknaną, OE (on)wæcnan 1, onwæcnian 2, ME wāken, MnE wake, Dutch waken, German wachen; strong PG *wakaną “wake,” ON *vaka VI attested as the participle vakinn, OE wacan VI “wake, originate,” ME wāken “wake; wake up; arise.” In English, the three senses of the root (causative, intransitive, and inchoative “wake up”) had coalesced by the ME period. Vakna carries the inchoative sense of wake, i.e. “pass from sleep into waking”; cf. stative vaka 3 “be awake” and causative vekja 1 “wake.”
Corpus search: present active / preterite active / present reflexive / preterite reflexive
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